Karanj protein isolate prepared from karanj seed cake: Effect on growth,body composition and physiometabolic responses in Labeo rohita fingerlings

A protein isolate was prepared from karanj seed (KPI) with 921.2 g protein/kg seed, which contained a negligible amount of anti‐nutritional factors and a balanced amino acid composition, especially rich in methionine. For 60‐day feeding trial, five isonitrogenous (300 g/kg CP) and isocaloric (15 MJ DE/kg) diets were formulated by replacing soybean protein isolate (SPI) on protein equivalent basis, KPI‐0 (control, 0 g/kg KPI); KPI‐25 (replacing 250 g/kg SPI protein with KPI); KPI‐50 (replacing 500 g/kg SPI protein with KPI); KPI‐75 (replacing 750 g/kg SPI protein with KPI) and KPI‐100 (replacing 1,000 g/kg SPI protein with KPI) for the feeding of L. rohita. The weight gain percentage, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio were not significantly (p > .05) varied among the KPI fed and control groups. A significantly higher hepatosomatic index was recorded in the control and KPI‐25 groups compared with other groups. The whole‐body compositions, except ether extract, did not differ significantly (p > .05) among the groups. Digestive (amylase, protease, lipase and alkaline phosphatase) and metabolic enzyme activities (hexokinase, transaminases and lactate dehydrogenase) and glycogen stores were not significantly affected, whereas intestinal alkaline phosphatase differed significantly (p < .05). The RNA–DNA ratio was significantly (p < .05) higher in the KPI‐75 group. Thus, the study revealed that KPI can completely replace SPI protein at 191 g/kg inclusion level in the diets of L. rohita fingerlings.     

不同处理对柴胡种子萌发的影响

为研究不同发芽床和清水浸种时间对柴胡种子萌发的影响,以种子萌发启动日、发芽率、发芽势、发芽指标、霉烂率为测量指标,20℃恒温自然光照培养箱中开展了柴胡种子发芽试验。结果表明,不同发芽床基质处理对柴胡种子萌发的影响有显著性差异,其中以纱布处理柴胡种子的各项测量指标均显著高于其他处理;清水浸种不仅能够促使柴胡种子提早萌发,而且能够提高柴胡种子发芽率,浸种12 h柴胡种子的发芽率及发芽势最高,分别可达67.67%±3.21%和56.00%±9.54%,与未浸泡对照相比提高了约35、34个百分点。说明柴胡种子用清水浸种预处理12 h,以纱布为发芽床,在20℃恒温条件下培养,可有效提高柴胡种子萌发率,促进种子提早萌发,实际生产中可以用清水浸种后再进行播种。     

种衣剂对防治雪梨瓜根腐病的药效研究

本文通过室内试验评估种衣剂对雪梨瓜种子发芽及苗期生长发育的安全性,并通过田间试验,比较种衣剂在不同时期对病情指数、防治效果及产量的影响,以筛选出对雪梨瓜根腐病防治效果理想的种衣剂。结果表明,4种种衣剂对雪梨瓜生长发育均安全。25%噻虫·咯·霜灵、12%甲·嘧·甲霜灵药后20 d防治效果达60%以上,62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈药后20 d的防效在50%以上;25%噻虫·咯·霜灵的稳定性好于12%甲·嘧·甲霜灵;35%多·福·克前期防治效果好,但持效性差。4种种衣剂对雪梨瓜都有一定的增产效果,25%噻虫·咯·霜灵增产23.30%,35%多·福·克增产17.96%。种衣剂处理能够有效防治雪梨瓜根腐病,在生产上建议首选25%噻虫·咯·霜灵作为雪梨瓜种衣剂,12%甲·嘧·甲霜灵和62.5 g/L精甲·咯菌腈可作为备选药剂交替使用。     

湿度、NaCl浓度对铜仁珍珠豆型花生种子活力及发芽的影响

研究发芽床不同含水量及NaCl浓度对铜仁珍珠豆型花生种子活力及发芽的影响,试验表明,发芽床含水量从20%升高至40%,铜仁珍珠豆型花生种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数呈上升趋势,含水量继续升高至60%,三项指标呈下降趋势,40%是铜仁珍珠豆型花生最适发芽床含水量,花生发芽各项指标达到最高。用NaCl溶液处理种子,浓度从0mol/L升高至0.5mol/L,花生种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数三项指标表现出先急剧后缓慢又急剧下降的趋势。     

中国草种业标准现状分析

草种子不仅是草业与畜牧业的基石，还是生态文明建设以及城镇景观绿化的重要载体。我国虽是草地资源和草种子利用大国，但却是草种业弱国。标准化是推动草种业快速高质量发展的关键，历经30多年的不懈努力，我国的草种业标准化也取得了积极的进展，但是目前的草种业标准体系还处于混沌状态，缺乏系统的梳理。为了进一步加强和完善我国草种业标准体系构建，推动草种业高质量发展，本文尽可能详细地检索和筛选草种业的现行标准，从种质资源、生产加工、质量检验、包装、贮藏和运输，播种5个方面进行梳理。在此基础上分析了现行标准体系的薄弱之处，提出了需要更新以及尚需制定标准的建议，为草种业标准的制定者和应用者提供服务和便利，为草种业标准体系的完善提供参考。     

籽用西葫芦新品种比较试验

为了解决新疆昌吉地区籽用西葫芦品种繁杂、产量不高、效益不好等问题,从山西省引进10个籽用西葫芦新品种,通过田间试验比较分析了各品种的生育期、植物学性状、果实性状、籽粒性状、抗病性及产量等指标,初步筛选出3个适合新疆昌吉地区种植的籽用西葫芦品种,分别为籽瑞宝、ZHL-3和华仁九号,3个品种白粉病、病毒病发病率均在10%及以下,667 m~2籽粒产量175 kg以上。     

盐胁迫对羽衣甘蓝种子萌发的影响

为探明盐胁迫对羽衣甘蓝种子萌发特性的影响，明确种子萌发期对盐胁迫的耐受能力，本试验以羽衣甘蓝种子为试验材料，研究不同浓度的NaCL（0、40、80、120、160、200mmol/l）和NaHCO（3 0、20、30、40、50、60mmol/l）对种子萌发胁迫的作用。结果表明:1、2 种盐胁迫处理下，羽衣甘蓝种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和活力指数等指标均随着盐浓度的升高逐渐降低；2、高浓度的NaHCO³盐溶液对羽衣甘蓝种子的胚根、胚芽的生长抑制较NaCL 盐溶液显著；3、2 种盐     

Feasibility analysis of NIR for detecting sweet corn seeds vigor

This paper explores the feasibility of particle-based detection and grading of seed vigor based on a self-built seed single-granulation device using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Sweet corn with uniform kernel size was used for this study. The seed samples were divided into three types, they were normal seeds, artificially aged seeds and heat-damaged seeds. A 2-part spectral acquisition of each seed were performed, one for the collection of seeds that fall into the detection zone within the separation pipe, another was on the static platform, whose collection was performed on 5 faces of each seed. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify the original data of the seeds. In the 2 parts, the discriminant results of the unprocessed normal seeds and the artificial accelerated aging seeds, the untreated normal seeds and the heat-damaged seeds showed that classification accuracy was higher than 98%. The research indicates that the spectral data of different positions of seeds can reflect their activity information, and it is feasible to detect and classify seeds in real time in the detection area of the separation pipeline.     

盐胁迫对刺榆种子萌发及幼苗生理特征的影响

为了研究刺榆种子及幼苗对盐胁迫的响应，采用培养皿纸上发芽法进行种子萌发并采用盆栽法进行幼苗培养，测定刺榆种子在不同浓度NaCl、Na2SO4、Na2CO3和NaHCO3处理下的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、相对盐害率，及幼苗丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）及过氧化物酶（peroxidase，POD）变化规律。结果显示：①在试验设置盐浓度范围内，刺榆种子在NaCl＜30 mmol·L-1、Na2CO3＜10 mmol·L-1、Na2SO4＜20 mmol·L-1、NaHCO3＜20 mmol·L-1的盐胁迫下能够正常发芽，碱性盐（NaHCO3和Na2CO3）的危害大于中性盐（NaCl和Na2SO4）。②刺榆种子的相对盐害率均为正值，4种盐均存在不同程度的种子萌发抑制，不同种类盐分对刺榆种子萌发抑制表现为NaCl＜Na2SO4＜NaHCO3＜Na2CO3。③幼苗生长中，不同处理幼苗叶片内MDA含量呈逐渐上升的趋势，SOD活性和POD活性随浓度的增加呈先升高后降低的趋势。但当NaCl＜30 mmol·L-1、Na2CO3＜10 mmol·L-1、Na2SO4＜10 mmol·L-1、NaHCO3＜20 mmol·L-1时，刺榆幼苗内MDA含量和保护酶活性未发生显著变化。研究表明刺榆种子萌发与幼苗生长对低浓度盐环境具有一定的耐受性，高浓度盐环境会使种子丧失发芽能力阻碍幼苗生长。结果为刺榆在盐碱地的种植和推广提供理论依据。     

莲藕中甘薯潜隐病毒实时荧光定量PCR检测技术的建立及应用

甘薯潜隐病毒莲藕分离物（sweet potato latent virus-lotus，SPLV-lotus）在江苏省莲藕产区普遍引起发病，并且该分离物序列与已报道的SPLV甘薯分离物存在较大差异。为进一步监测SPLV-lotus在莲藕上的发生情况，针对SPLV-lotus的CP基因设计并优化特异性引物QSPLV-lotus3-F/QSPLV-lotus3-R，通过优化引物浓度和退火温度条件，构建标准曲线，建立了SPLV-lotus实时荧光定量PCR（Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction，RT-qPCR）检测技术。该方法特异性强，可以快速检测出SPLV-lotus，灵敏度为普通PCR的100倍，可广泛应用于脱毒莲藕SPLV-lotus的精确检测。